Women in the Central African Republic aren't marching
An edited version of this piece was published in The Guardian
on January 20th, 2017*
On 20th
and 21st January, millions of people of all genders will march in
cities across the globe. The Women’s March organised for Washington looks to be
one of the biggest protests in the country’s history, and over 600 Sister Marches
are planned. People will come together to express frustration, opposition, hope
and solidarity. They will remind the planet’s most powerful people of the
rights of every single person on the planet, yet the majority of those marching
will be from countries that are relatively affluent, where human rights are
least likely to be abused.
No marches
have been planned in the Central African Republic (CAR). CAR is the second
poorest country in the world, and is barely emerging from a brutal civil war. Only
a third of the population have access to clean water. A teenage girl is nearly
three times more likely to get pregnant than to attend a single day of
secondary school. There’s a government in place, but it has no reach or
presence in vast swathes of the country. Nearly 70% of girls are married before
their 18th birthday, and 30% before their 15th birthday.
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| Women and children in IDP camp, Central African Republic |
I’ve been living
and working in CAR for nearly a year, as part of the international humanitarian
aid effort. I’ve seen the impact of war and generations of poverty at first
hand, and feel privileged and appalled in equal measure to hear the stories of
people who lived through the conflict.
Fighting broke out in 2012, after rebels accused the
government of failing to abide by peace agreements, and continued for two years.
Although there is now an uneasy peace in parts of the country, fighting
continues in the north and east, and the tensions created between Muslims and Christians,
who generally fought on opposing sides, are still evident.
Over a million
people fled their homes, living in refugee or IDP camps, or hiding in the dense
forest that covers much of the country. Children have told me how they survived
on leaves in the forest, walking by day and hiding at night, always moving
around to avoid being found by ‘the bad men with machetes.’ Today, over half of
the country’s population relies on humanitarian aid to survive.
It isn’t known
how many women were sexually assaulted during the conflict, but rape was a
common weapon of war for both sides, and survivors who are now coming forward
are reporting repeated brutal attacks, with multiple perpetrators and experiences
of extreme violence that extended to their children.
Horrifying
though this unquestionably is, these women are quick to point out that rape was
a part of their lives before the conflict too, and is still widely accepted as
normal or inevitable. Victim-shaming is part of the everyday narrative here,
with survivors publicly labelled as ‘whores’ or ‘garbage’ by religious and
traditional community leaders. It is a generally held belief that the victim
would have provoked the assault by her dress or behaviour, and that men have
the right to have any kind of sex with their wives, whenever they like.
Only one court
in the country has ever convicted anyone of rape. Ever.
If ever a
country needed its women to march, to demand their rights, to have their voices
heard, it’s CAR. So why is no-one marching here?
It isn’t safe
It’s not that
marching isn’t a thing here. In November 2016, a group of high school
girls came together in the capital, Bangui, to protest against sexual
harassment, and to raise awareness of sexual assault of a teenager by police in
neighbouring Cameroon. It was a peaceful protest, but armed police used tear
gas to bring it to an end. This was felt by the government to be a reasonable
response to the situation. We have witnessed police brutality in ‘developed’
countries, but could we imagine or tolerate our police gassing teenagers with
impunity?
 |
| Girls at the end of the schools day, near Bangui cathedral |
If large
groups of women meeting publicly is dangerous, being alone is worse. Even when
walking to the market or to visit a neighbour, women travel in pairs, and very
few people go out after dark (which is about 6pm, all year round). UN
peacekeeping forces, as well as the national army and police, are a constant
presence on the streets of Bangui, and although demonstrations aren’t illegal,
they are strongly discouraged. Anyone can be stopped and searched by police or
military personnel, who are likely to impose arbitrary ‘fines’, and as the police
are poorly paid, many supplement their income with bribes. It’s not unusual for
men to pose as police officers to make some money, or to ‘detain’ women; dragging
them into a car and sexually assaulting them. Under these conditions, a violent
end to a protest comprised mainly of women seems inevitable.
No-one knows
it’s happening
When we talk
about solidarity, about no-one being left behind, we’re really only talking
about people with electricity and broadband. How did you hear about the Sister
March you’re planning to attend? How is it being organised? How will it be documented?
Only 10% of
the population in CAR have access to electricity, and of those the majority are
in the capital. Internet access is a privilege enjoyed only by government
bodies and NGOs. Without access to digital technology that we take for granted,
how can women hope to hear about this ‘global’ movement, and will they know
that we are demanding global justice on their behalf, or that we are standing
in solidarity with them? Most importantly, how can their voices be heard in Bangui,
let alone Washington or London?
They’re busy
surviving
We’re all
busy. We are. Everyone marching this weekend is making some kind of sacrifice
to do so, whether it’s rearranging social plans, organising childcare, paying
transport costs or simply standing in the cold when it’s nicer to curl up with
a boxset. But women in CAR spend the majority of their time on ‘survival tasks’,
such as gathering food or water. If you have to walk two miles to the water
pump and back, twice a day, every day, to collect enough water for your family,
you are not likely to have the time or energy (malnutrition rates here are some
of the highest in the world) to organise or join a demonstration. Here, walking
isn’t a leisure pursuit, it’s a means to survival.
 |
| Collecting water from the community pump |
CAR isn’t a
hopeless country, and despite what people (particularly women) here have
suffered, there’s no feeling of victimhood. There is, however, a strong sense
of being ignored and forgotten, and of being less important than women in other
countries. I asked several women what they thought about this weekend’s planned
marches, and without exception, their eyes lit up. “Women are doing this? Women in your country must be very powerful.”
Yes, we are
powerful. Yes, there are those who seek to stifle and undermine us, to dismiss
and diminish our voices, but if we can march this weekend, we are powerful and
privileged. We have a responsibility to speak for all those whose rights are abused, and the women of CAR have a right
to expect it of us. So when you put on your pussy hat for the march, maybe
carry a spare pair of shoes, too, as a sign of solidarity with a woman who
would love to march.
Central
African Republic, 19th January 2017
*The piece had to be published anonymously for security reasons, as I was still living in CAR at the time.
